Mokhoa oa ho Bala Litšenyehelo tsa Thomello ha U Romela Mabone a Likhoele a tsoang Chaena

Ho kenya kantlemabone a khoeleho tsoa Chaena ho ka ba le theko e tlase haholo, empaLitšenyehelo tsa ho romela thepa hangata li ferekanya bareki ba banyenyane le ba maharengThepa ha se theko e le 'ngoe e tsitsitseng - ke phello ea lintlha tse ngata tse sebetsang hammoho, ho kenyeletsoa mokhoa oa ho romela thepa, Incoterms, boholo ba thepa le litefiso tsa ho ea moo thepa e eang teng.

Tataisong ena, re arolakamoo litšenyehelo tsa ho romela mabone a likhoele li baloang kateng, ke ditefiso life tseo o lokelang ho di lebella, le mokhoa wa ho qoba maraba a tlwaelehileng a ditjeo — tse ngotsweng ka ho kgetheha bakeng salihlahisoa tse ikemetseng, barekisi ba bangata, le barekisi ba Amazon.

Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa

• Litšenyehelo tsa ho romella li ipapisitse lemokhoa oa thepa, Incoterms, boima, bophahamo le litefiso tsa ho ea
• Thepa ea likepee theko e tlase bakeng sa diotara tse ngata;thepa ea moeae potlakile bakeng sa thepa e potlakileng kapa e nyane
• Boima ba tekanyo (bophahamo ba volumetric) hangata bo bohlokoa ho feta boima ba 'nete ba mabone a likhoele
• Kamehla kopaliqotso tse kenyeletsang tsohleho qoba liqoso tse patiloeng

 

1. Khetha Mokhoa o Nepahetseng oa ho Romela: Moeeng khahlanong le ho Romela ka Sekepe

Qeto ea hau ea pele ea bohlokoa ea litšenyehelo ke hore na u romela mabone a hau a likhoele joang.

Thepa ea Leoatleng (E Molemohali bakeng sa Liodara tse Ngata)

Thepa ea likepe ke khetho e theko e tlaase ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa thepa e mahareng ho isa ho e kholo ea mabone a khoele ea LED.

Linako tse tloaelehileng tsa lipalangoang:

• Chaena → Lebopong le ka Bophirima la US: matsatsi a 15–20
• Chaena → Lebōpo la Bochabela la US: matsatsi a 25–35
• Chaena → Yuropa: matsatsi a 25–45

Molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa:

• Bongata bo boholo
• Litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ho romella ka yuniti
• Tlatsetso e sa potlakang ea thepa e bolokiloeng

Sepalami sa Thepa ea Moeeng le sa Express (Se molemohali bakeng sa Lebelo)

Litšebeletso tsa thepa ea sefofane le tsa ho tsamaisa thepa ka potlako (DHL, FedEx, UPS) li fana ka thomello e potlakileng ka litšenyehelo tse phahameng.

Linako tse tloaelehileng tsa lipalangoang:

• Thepa ea moea: matsatsi a 5-10
• Moromelli ea potlakileng: Matsatsi a 3-7

Molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa:

• Disampole kapa ditaelo tsa teko
• Lithomello tse nyane, tsa boleng bo holimo
• Amazon e nchafatsa lintho kapele

Keletso: Bareki ba bangata ba sebelisa thepa ea sefofane bakeng sa liodara tsa pele, ebe ba fetohela ho thepa ea leoatleng hang ha thekiso e tsitsitse.

2. Utloisisa Incoterms: Ke Mang ea Lefellang Eng?

Litlhaloso tsa Incotermskarohano ea litšenyehelo le boikarabellopakeng tsa moreki le mofani. Ho khetha lentsoe le nepahetseng ho ama ka kotloloho litšenyehelo tsohle tsa hau tsa ho fihla.

Li-Incoterms tse Tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho Kena ha Leseli la Likhoele

• EXW (Ex Works)Moreki o lefa hoo e ka bang ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe — theko e tlase ka ho fetisisa ea sehlahisoa, empa o rarahane haholo ka thepa
• FOB (Mahala ka Botong)Mofani o lefella litšenyehelo tsa ho romela kantle ho naha; moreki o laola thomello e kholo
• CIF (Litšenyehelo, Inshorense le Thepa)Mofani o hlophisa thepa ea likepe; moreki o sebetsana le litšenyehelo tsa moo a eang teng
• DAP (E Fihliloe Sebakeng)Thepa e tlisoang atereseng ea hau, ntle le lekhetho la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha
• DDP (Lekhetho le Fanoeng le Lefshoe): Mofani o sebetsana le ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe — theko e bonolo ka ho fetisisa empa hangata e phahame ka kakaretso

Bakeng sa barekisi ba bangata ba banyenyane ba rekang thepa kantle ho naha, FOB e fana ka tekanyo e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea taolo ea litšenyehelo le ponaletso.

3. Boima, Bophahamo le Boima ba Dikarolo (Bohlokwa Haholo)

Lik'hamphani tsa ho romella thepa li lefisa ho latelaboima bo phahameng ba 'nete kapa boima ba 'mele.

Boima ba Litekanyo bo Baloa Joang

Hobane mabone a likhoele hangata ae kholo empa e bobebe, boima ba tekanyo hangata bo baka litšenyehelo.

Mohlala:

• Boima ba 'nete: 10 kg
• Boholo ba lebokose: 50 × 50 × 50 cm
• Boima ba litekanyo: ~ 21 kg

U tla lefisoa bakeng sa21 kg, eseng 10 kg.

Ho ntlafatsa boholo ba lebokose le sephutheloana ho ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa haholo.

4. Karohano ea Likarolo tsa Litšenyehelo tsa Thomello

Litšenyehelo tsa ho romela thepa li kenyelletsa ho fetang feela thepa ea leoatle kapa ea moea.

Litefiso tsa Tšimoloho (Lehlakore la Chaena)

• Feme → lipalangoang tsa koung
• Tlhokomelo ea lekhetho kantle ho naha
• Litefiso tsa ho sebetsana le seteishene sa ho qetela
• Litefiso tsa litokomane

Litefiso tse Kholo tsa Thepa

• Thepa ea leoatle kapa ea moea
• Litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa mafura (BAF, LSS, Tefiso e eketsehileng ea mafura a moea)
• Litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa sehla se phahameng
• Keketseho ea sekhahla se akaretsang (GRI)

Litefiso tsa Sebaka

• Tumello ea lekhetho la thepa e kenang kantle ho naha
• Litefiso tsa ho sebetsana le li-terminal
• Ho laolla thepa koung kapa boema-fofane
• Thomello ea lehae ntlong ea polokelo
• Polokelo, ho fokotsa nako, kapa ho koalloa (haeba ho diehile)

Lekhetho la Lekhetho le Makhetho a Thekiso ea Kantle ho Naha

• Ho ipapisitsoe le sehlopha sa khoutu ea HS
• Sekhahla sa lekgetho la thepa e tswang kantle ho naha se fapana ho ya ka naha
• VAT / GST e baloa ho latela sehlahisoa + thepa + lekhetho

 Likhoutu tsa HS tse fosahetseng kapa ho se be le boleng bo lekaneng ho ka baka tieho le likotlo.

5. Mokhoa oa ho Fumana Litheko tse Nepahetseng tsa Thomello

Fana ka Lintlha tse Felletseng tsa Sehlahisoa

• Lebitso la sehlahisoa le thepa
• Khoutu ea HS
• Boholo ba lebokose le boima
• Kakaretso ea bongata

Netefatsa Incoterms le Aterese ea Thomello

Kamehla bolela ka ho hlaka:

• Thomello ea Incoterm (FOB, CIF, DDP, jj.)
• Aterese ea ho qetela ea ho tlisa thepa (ntlo ea polokelo, Amazon FBA, 3PL)

Bapisa Bapalami ba Mejaro ba Bangata

U se ke ua khetha ho latela theko feela. Lekola:

• Ponaletso ea litšenyehelo
• Phihlelo ea ho romela thepa kantle ho naha Chaena
• Lebelo la puisano
• Bokhoni ba ho latela

Kopa Liqotso Tse Akaretsang Tsohle

Kopolitheko tsa monyako le monyakoseo se kenyeletsa:

• Thepa
• Phetiso ea malibhong
• Litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa mafura
• Thomello ea lehae
• Inshorense (haeba ho hlokahala)

Sena se thibela litefiso tse sa lebelloang hamorao.

Mehopolo ea ho Qetela

Ho bala litšenyehelo tsa ho romella mabone a khoele a tsoang Chaena ho hloka kutloisisomekhoa ea thepa, Incoterms, boima ba litekanyo, le litefiso tse patiloengKa ho lokisetsa hantle, o ka hakanya ka nepo litšenyehelo tsa hau tsa ho lula fatše le ho qoba lintho tse makatsang tse ka u hlahelang ka tekanyetso.

Haeba o batla mabone a khoele a LED mme o batlalikhetho tse hlakileng tsa ho romella, bongata ba liodara tse tenyetsehang, le litheko tse pepeneneng, ho sebetsa le mofani ea nang le boiphihlelo ho ka nolofatsa ts'ebetso haholo.

LBH

Nka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho romela mabone a likhoele joang ho tsoa Chaena?
Ntlafatsa liphutheloana, romela li-volume tse kholoanyane ka sekepe, khetha mantsoe a FOB, 'me u bapise liqotso tse ngata tsa li-forwarder.

Ke Incoterm efe e molemohali bakeng sa ba qalang?
Hangata FOB e molemohali bakeng sa taolo ea litšenyehelo; DDP e bonolo haeba u rata ho nolofatsa.

Ke hobane'ng ha boima ba litekanyo bo le bohlokoa bakeng sa mabone a khoele ea LED?
Ka lebaka la hore mabone a likhoele a maholo, hangata bajari ba tjhaja ho latela bophahamo ba motlakase ho fapana le boima ba 'nete, e leng se eketsang litšenyehelo haeba ho paka ho sa sebetse hantle.